Field-level sublethal effects of approved bee hive chemicals on Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L).
In a study replicated across two states and two years, we tested the sublethal effects on honey bees of the miticides Apistan (tau fluvalinate) and Check Mite+ (coumaphos) and the rivet wood preservative copper naphthenate applied at label rates in field conditions.A continuous covariate, a colony Varroa mite index, helped us disambiguate the effec